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AP HUGE CHAPTER 3 NOTEA PDF

Gondwanaland broke into Africa, Australia, S.America) and moved northwards to their present positions. Laurasia broke into Laurentian Shield and Fennoscandia (Europe, Asia and N.Hemisphere) which lay around south pole which were separated by a narrow ocean called Tethys (the present Mediterranean Sea). Hemisphere) which lay around equator and Gondwanaland (S.

Pangaea broke into two parts called Laurasia (N.The earth was a single sialic land mass called Pangaea surrounded by a huge ocean called Panthalasa whose floor was a mass of sima.

There are 2 theories which explain the earth’s movements namely the Continental Drift Theory and the Plate tectonics theory. The reduced weight causes continental masses to rise.Ī theory is reasoned ideas intended to explain facts or ideas. It can be disturbed by erosion on continents and melting of continental ice sheets.

Isostacy is the state of balance between sial and sima layers. Rising of continental masses to restore the upset state of balance between sial and sima layers. Horizontal movement of currents cause horizontal movements while vertical cause vertical movements. When convectional currents in magma in mantle drug crustal rocks by friction. When the attractive force of the earth pulls crustal rocks into empty spaces left after magma escaping from the reservoir.

When magma moves from reservoir and leaves empty spaces onto which crustal rocks are pulled inwards.

When magma moves with force pushing crustal rocks horizontally or vertically.

(a) Magma movement within the earths crust.

Tilting of crustal rocks or shearing in vertical direction due to grater uplift on one side.

Uplifting/upwarping or pushing of crustal rocks upwards.

Subsiding/sinking/downwarping or pulling of crustal rocks downwards.

Movements which occur along the earth’s radius or towards the earth’s surface or towards its centre. Results in the formation of the following features:

Ĝrustal rocks to shear by slipping past each other or by dividing into layers which is caused by shear forces.

Squeezing and shortening of crustal by compressional forces rocks which cause them which also cause formation of faults.

Strain and stretching of crustal rocks due to stretching caused by tensional forces which cause formation of cracks or faults.

They are caused by tensional and compressional and shear forces. Movements which act along a horizontal plane within crustal rocks.

tensional forces (which operate along horizontal plane moving away from each other), compressional forces (which operate along horizontal plane moving towards each other), shear forces (which move past each other with unequal strength) and gravitational forces (which attracts things to the earths centre). They are brought about by tectonic forces which originate and operate in the interior of the earth e.g. Displacement of the earth’s crustal rocks.

Intensity and scale of movement involved.

Processes operating in the interior of the earth resulting in the formation of natural physical features or landforms.Įxamples of these processes are folding, faulting and Vulcanicity.įormation of land forms by internal land forming processes is determined by: Internal Land Forming/endogenetic Processes

AP HUGE CHAPTER 3 NOTEA PDF

The links below will take you to a PDF with my notes for each chapter.Geography Notes Form 2 - KLB Book 2 - KCSE Geography Revision Notes - Free Download Shi. I compiled them while taking AP US History in 2011 and hope they can help others with the material. These notes are based on the 7th edition of America: A Narrative History by George Brown Tindall and David E.